India’s Rhino Conservation Success

The Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is one of India’s major megaherbivores and is primarily associated with floodplain grasslands, wetlands and riverine forests of the northern Indian subcontinent. In India, wild populations are currently found in Assam, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. 

India’s rhino conservation has shown significant recovery. Rhino numbers increased from around 1,500 in the 1980s to over 4,000 by September 2024, a rise of nearly 170%. Assam accounts for nearly 80% of the world’s rhino population, with Kaziranga National Park being the principal stronghold. 

The National Conservation Strategy for the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros, launched by MoEFCC in 2019, focuses on population augmentation, habitat connectivity, scientific management, genetic security and transboundary cooperation. 

In September 2026, the government highlighted the launch of Project Rhino, aimed at providing financial and technical support to states for rhino conservation, habitat management, genetic improvement and understanding population dynamics. Conservation efforts also include anti-poaching measures and habitat restoration. 

IMPORTANT facts

• Scientific name: Rhinoceros unicornis
• Also called: Indian Rhinoceros / Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros
• Major Indian states: Assam, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
• Key habitat: Floodplain grasslands and wetlands
• Major stronghold: Kaziranga National Park, Assam
• World Rhino Day: 22 September
• MoEFCC’s National Conservation Strategy: 2019. 

MCQ English

Which of the following statements regarding the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros is/are correct?

1. Its scientific name is Rhinoceros unicornis.
2. In India, it is found in Assam, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
3. Kaziranga National Park is one of its major conservation areas.
4. World Rhino Day is observed on 22 September.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1, 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(D) 2 and 4 only

Answer: (C)

Explanation:

• The scientific name of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros is Rhinoceros unicornis.
• In India, its wild population is found mainly in Assam, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
• Kaziranga National Park in Assam is a major stronghold of the species.
• World Rhino Day is observed annually on 22 September.